BPC-157 is a synthetic 15-amino-acid peptide studied mainly in cell and animal models. Research has examined gastrointestinal injury, tendon and ligament models, muscle injury, vascular signaling, nerve-related models, and wound response. Proposed mechanisms include effects on cell migration, nitric-oxide signaling, angiogenic pathways, and growth-factor-related signaling. Despite a large preclinical literature, robust controlled human clinical evidence remains very limited, so animal findings should not be presented as established human outcomes.